Objective To investigate the clinical value of minimally invasive dental implantation for dentition defect in reducing complications, promoting bone resorption around implants, and reducing plaque index. Methods A total of 40 patients with dentition defect admitted to our hospital from March 2023 to March 2024 were randomly divided into observation group and control group, with 20 patients in each group. The control group was treated with traditional incision and flap surgery, and the observation group was treated with minimally invasive dental implantation. The treatment effectiveness, treatment safety, peri-implant bone resorption, and plaque index were compared between the two groups. Results The total effective rate of treatment in the observation group was 95.00%, which was higher than 65.00% in the control group (P <0.05). The incidence of complications in the observation group was 5.00%, which was lower than 35.00% in the control group (P <0.05). The bone resorption around the implant in the observation group was higher than that in the control group at 1 and 3 months after operation (P <0.05). The plaque index of the observation group was lower than that of the control group at 1 and 3 months after operation (P <0.05). Conclusion Compared with traditional incision and flap surgery, minimally invasive dental implantation has more advantages in the treatment of dentition defect. It has less trauma and faster postoperative recovery. Meanwhile, it can reduce postoperative complications and promote postoperative rehabilitation.