Objective To explore the effect of guided bone tissue regeneration technique in patients with mild buccal bone defect of posterior teeth and its influence on the success rate of implantation and oral health status. Methods A total of 40 patients with mild buccal bone defect of posterior teeth admitted to Yuna Yula Dental Clinic of Nanguan District from January 2021 to December 2022 were randomly divided into control group (n =20) and observation group (n =20). The control group was given secondary implantation of upper anterior teeth, and the observation group was given guided bone tissue regeneration technology. The implant success rate, oral health status, adverse reactions and tooth aesthetics were compared between the two groups. Results The implant success rate in the observation group was 95.00%, which was higher than 75.00% in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05). The oral health status index (OHIP-I) of the observation group was lower than that of the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05). The incidence of adverse reactions in the observation group was 5.00%, which was lower than 30.00% in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05). The WES score and PES score of the observation group were higher than those of the control group, and the differences were statistically significant (P <0.05). Conclusion The application of guided bone tissue regeneration technology in patients with mild buccal bone defects is effective, which can improve the implant success rate, improve oral health, promote new bone formation, effectively reduce the incidence of postoperative complications, and improve the aesthetics of teeth.