Objective To investigate the clinical effect of oral implant restoration in the treatment of dentition defect and its influence on periodontal health of patients. Methods A total of 126 patients with dentition defect admitted to Linyi Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine from March 2022 to May 2023 were randomly divided into reference group and study group, with 63 patients in each group. The reference group was treated with traditional denture restoration, and the study group was treated with oral implant restoration. The clinical efficacy, repair effect, periodontal index and complications were compared between the two groups. Results The total effective rate of treatment in the study group was 98.41%, which was higher than 87.30% in the reference group (P <0.05). The scores of comfort, aesthetics, speech function, masticatory function and fixation function in the study group were higher than those in the reference group (P <0.05). After treatment, the plaque index, gingival index and gingival sulcus bleeding index of the study group were lower than those of the reference group (P <0.05). The incidence of complications in the study group was 1.59%, which was lower than 12.70% in the reference group (P <0.05). Conclusion Oral implant restoration is effective in the treatment of dentition defect. It is beneficial to improve the comfort and aesthetics of patients, improve their speech function, masticatory function and fixation function, improve periodontal health, and has a low risk of complications. It is worthy of clinical application.