Objective To explore the effects of different orthodontic techniques on periodontal index and aesthetics of patients in orthodontic treatment. Methods A total of 100 patients who underwent non reduction orthodontic treatment in the Department of Orthodontics of Suzhou Stomatological Hospital from September 2019 to September 2022 were selected as the study subjects. They were divided into Group A and Group B based on different orthodontic techniques, with 50 patients in each group. Group A was treated with traditional fixed orthodontic technology, while Group B was treated with non bracket invisible orthodontic technology. The treatment lasted 18 to 24 months in both groups, and the orthodontic effect, periodontal index and aesthetics of the two groups were compared. Results The excellent and good rate of orthodontic treatment in group B was 96.00%, which was higher than 80.00% in group A, and the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05). After treatment, GI, PLI, SPD and SBI in the two groups were lower than those before treatment, and those in the group B were lower than those in the group A, the differences were statistically significant (P <0.05). The WES and PES scores of group B were higher than those of group A, and the differences were statistically significant (P <0.05). Conclusion The effect of orthodontic treatment with bracketless invisible orthodontic technique is better, which is helpful to improve the periodontal health and improve the aesthetics. It is worthy of clinical application.