Objective To analyze the effect of oral implant restoration in the treatment of dentition defect and its influence on aesthetic effect. Methods A total of 100 patients with dentition defect admitted to our hospital from January to December 2023 were randomly divided into control group and observation group, with 50 patients in each group. The control group was treated with fixed bridge restoration, and the observation group was treated with oral implant restoration. The functional recovery effect, aesthetic effect and oral health quality of life were compared between the two groups. Results After treatment, the scores of maximum bite force, bite force duration and bite force symmetry in the observation group were higher than those in the control group (P <0.05). After treatment, the scores of tooth shape, tooth color and tooth coordination of the observation group were higher than those of the control group (P <0.05). After treatment, the scores of functional limitation, pain and psychological discomfort in the observation group were lower than those in the control group (P <0.05). Conclusion Compared with conventional restoration, oral implant restoration of dentition defect has better functional recovery effect and aesthetic effect, which is conducive to improving the quality of life of patients, and is worthy of clinical application.