Objective To study the effect of cobalt chromium alloy porcelain teeth and zirconium dioxide porcelain teeth on dental restoration. Methods From December 2022 to January 2024, 60 patients with dental restoration admitted to Wugong County People's Hospital were selected and divided into conventional group and experimental group according to different repair methods, with 30 patients in each group. The conventional group was repaired with cobalt chromium alloy porcelain teeth, and the experimental group was repaired with zirconium dioxide porcelain teeth. The repair effect and incidence of adverse reactions were compared between the two groups. Results After repair, the scores of tooth color, aesthetics, tooth shape and facial condition in the experimental group were higher than those in the conventional group, and the differences were statistically significant (P <0.05). The incidence of adverse reactions in the experimental group was 3.33%, which was lower than 26.67% in the conventional group, and the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05). Conclusion Compared with cobalt chromium alloy porcelain teeth, zirconium dioxide porcelain teeth have better effect on dental restoration, better cosmetic effect and higher safety.