Objective: To analyze the effect of transitional therapeutic denture restoration in patients with dentition defects and its impact on oral health and aesthetic level. Methods: A total of 40 patients with dentition defects who were treated in our hospital from April 2024 to August 2025 were selected and randomly divided into two groups (control group and observation group) with a ratio of 20 cases to 20 cases. Patients who received traditional fixed denture restoration were included in the control group, and those who received transitional therapeutic denture restoration were included in the observation group. The effects of the two groups of patients with dentition defects were compared after restoration. Results: After restoration, it was found that the masticatory efficiency and aesthetic satisfaction of patients in the observation group were significantly higher (P<0.05); the scores of emotional function, physical function, cognitive function, role function and overall function were higher than those in the control group (P<0.05); the incidence of adverse reactions was lower than that in the control group (P<0.05); the gingival index score, periodontal pocket depth and alveolar bone resorption were better than those in the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion: The application of transitional therapeutic denture restoration in patients with dentition defects has a good effect, which can effectively improve the patients" oral health, enhance the aesthetic level, reduce the occurrence of adverse reactions, and is conducive to improving the patients" quality of life.