Medical aesthetic anxiety refers to the anxiety experienced by individuals undergoing cosmetic procedures during specific scenarios such as decision-making, perioperative care, and postoperative recovery. Its occurrence is associated with various factors including sociocultural influences, media marketing, and individual susceptibility. Persistent medical aesthetic anxiety may not only adversely affect treatment outcomes but also lead to severe psychological issues. Therefore, enhancing interventions for this condition is crucial. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), grounded in the theory that "cognition mediates emotions and behaviors," exerts a positive impact on medical aesthetic anxiety through structured, problem-oriented intervention techniques that regulate emotional responses. This study summarizes the efficacy of CBT in managing medical aesthetic anxiety and analyzes its clinical value, providing theoretical support for developing targeted intervention strategies.