Objective To understand the obesity status of adult community residents and explore its influencing factors. Methods A total of 1000 adult residents who underwent physical examination at Qinhuai District Fuzimiao Community Health Service Center from January 2023 to December 2024 were selected. According to body mass index (BMI), they were divided into the non-obese group (BMI <28 kg/m2 ) and the obese group (BMI ≥28.0 kg/m2 ). General data were compared between the two groups, and univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify the influencing factors of obesity. Results Among adult residents, 546 cases (54.60%) had normal weight, 286 cases (28.60%) were overweight, and 168 cases (16.80%) were obese. Univariate analysis showed significant differences in gender, age and physical activity between the obese group and the non-obese group (P<0.05). There was no signiffcant difference in educational level between the two groups (P>0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that female gender, advanced age and lack of physical activity were independent risk factors for obesity (P<0.05). Conclusion The obesity rate of adult residents in this community is relatively high, with differences in gender, age and physical activity. Primary communities should formulate personalized prevention and control strategies for key populations to reduce the incidence of obesity and the risk of chronic diseases.