Objective To explore the effect of ceramic veneers on periodontal health levels and aesthetic effect in patients undergoing anterior aesthetic restoration. Methods A total of 60 patients requiring anterior aesthetic restoration admitted to the Department of Stomatology, the 966th Hospital of the Joint Logistics Support Force from January 2025 to January 2026 were selected as the research subjects. According to the random number table method, they were divided into the reference group and the experimental group, with 30 patients in each group. The reference group was repaired with all-ceramic crowns, and the experimental group was repaired with ceramic veneers. The periodontal health, aesthetic effect, treatment effect and complication rate were compared between the two groups. Results After treatment, the levels of AL, PD, PLI and SBI in the experimental group were lower than those in the reference group (P<0.05). The scores of PES and WES in the experimental group were higher than those in the reference group (P<0.05). The total effective rate of the experimental group (93.33%) was higher than that of the reference group (90.00%), but the difference was not statistically signiffcant (P>0.05). The incidence of complications in the experimental group (3.33%) was lower than that in the reference group (20.00%) (P<0.05). Conclusion Both ceramic veneers and all-ceramic crowns achieve satisfactory clinical effects in anterior aesthetic restoration. However, compared with all-ceramic crowns, ceramic veneers demonstrate advantages in improving periodontal health levels and aesthetic effect, with fewer postoperative complications.