Objective To investigate the effect of miniscrew-assisted rapid palatal expansion (MARPE) on aesthetic measurement indicators and occlusal function in adolescents with maxillary transverse deficiency. Methods Clinical data of 40 adolescents with skeletal maxillary transverse deffciency who received MARPE treatment in the Department of Orthodontics, Huadu District Maternal and Child Health Hospital from May 2023 to May 2025 were collected. They were divided into the control group and the study group according to different expansion methods, with 20 adolescents in each group. The control group received traditional rapid maxillary expansion (RME), and the study group received MARPE. The skeletal and dental measurement indicators, aesthetic measurement indicators and occlusal function were compared between the two groups. Results At T1, the ICW, IRW, MBW, CI and ABI in the two groups were higher than those at T0 (P<0.05). The MBW in the study group at T1 was higher than that in the control group, while the CI and ABI were lower than those in the control group (P<0.05). At T1, the ABW in the two groups was higher than that at T0, and the BCR was lower than that at T0 (P<0.05). The BCR in the study group at T1 was lower than that in the control group (P<0.05). There were no signiffcant differences in ABW and NLA between the two groups at T1 (P>0.05). At T1, the MBF and OCA in the two groups were higher than those at T0, and the AI was lower than that at T0 (P<0.05). The MBF and OCA in thestudy group at T1 were higher than those in the control group, while the AI was lower than that in the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion Compared with conventional RME, the application of MARPE in adolescents with skeletal maxillary transverse deffciency can more effectively open the midpalatal suture for skeletal expansion, improving aesthetic effect and occlusal function.