Objective To analyze the effect of digital precision orthodontics combined with prosthodontic treatment on aesthetic effect and dental function in patients with dentition defect combined with malocclusion. Methods A total of 90 patients with dentition defect combined with malocclusion admitted to the Department of Stomatology, Zhenba County People's Hospital from January 2022 to December 2024 were selected. According to different treatment methods, they were divided into the control group (n=45) and the observation group (n=45). The control group received conventional straight wire ffxed orthodontics combined with prosthodontic treatment, and the observation group received digital precision orthodontics combined with prosthodontic treatment. The clinical efffcacy, aesthetic effect, dental function and periodontal health indicators were compared between the two groups. Results The total effective rate of the observation group (95.56%) was higher than that of the control group (77.78%) (P<0.05). The scores of facial soft tissue aesthetics, labial-dental relationship, dento-gingival aesthetics and hard tissue coordination in the observation group were higher than those in the control group (P<0.05). The masticatory efffciency, occlusal contact area, GI, PD and PLI of the observation group after treatment were better than those of the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion For patients with dentition defect combined with malocclusion, digital precision orthodontics combined with prosthodontic treatment can improve clinical efffcacy, enhance facial aesthetics, restore masticatory and occlusal function, and improve periodontal health.