Objective To explore the application effect of light-curing composite resin in aesthetic restoration of anterior teeth. Methods A total of 66 patients with aesthetic restoration of anterior teeth admitted to the Department of Stomatology, Danghu Central Hospital of Pinghu from January to September 2024 were selected as the research subjects. Among them, 33 patients treated from January to April 2024 were enrolled into the control group, and another 33 patients treated from May to September 2024 were enrolled into the study group. The control group was treated with 3M resin fflling and restoration, and the study group was treated with light-curing composite resin. The masticatory function, periodontal indicators, aesthetic restoration effect, restoration satisfaction and adverse reaction rate were compared between the two groups. Results After treatment, the occlusal force and masticatory efffciency of the study group were higher than those of the control group (P<0.05). After treatment, the gingival index, plaque index, gingival bleeding index and tooth mobility in the study group were lower than those in the control group (P<0.05). After treatment, the scores of PES and WES in the study group were higher than those in the control group (P<0.05). The restoration satisfaction rate of the study group (96.97%) was higher than that of the control group (75.76%) (P<0.05). The incidence of adverse reactions in the study group (3.03%) was lower than that in the control group (27.27%) (P<0.05). Conclusion In aesthetic restoration of anterior teeth, the application of light-curing composite resin can effectively improve patients' masticatory function and postoperative periodontal indicators, enhance aesthetic effect and patient satisfaction, with a low incidence of complications. It is worthy of clinical promotion and application.