Objective To analyze the effect of light-curing composite resin on periodontal health in patients undergoing aesthetic restoration of anterior teeth. Methods A total of 80 patients who underwent aesthetic restoration of anterior teeth in Rudong People's Hospital from January 2023 to December 2025 were selected as the research subjects, and they were divided into the reference group and the study group by the random number table method, with 40 patients in each group. The reference group was treated with glass ionomer restoration, and the study group was treated with light-curing composite resin restoration. The restoration effect, dental aesthetics, periodontal health and complication rate were compared between the two groups. Results The total effective rate of the study group (95.00%) was better than that of the reference group (75.00%) (P<0.05). The scores of all dental aesthetics indicators in the study group after treatment were higher than those in the reference group (P<0.05). The scores of all periodontal health indicators in the study group after treatment were lower than those in the reference group (P<0.05). The incidence of complications in the study group (7.50%) was lower than that in the reference group (25.00%) (P<0.05). Conclusion The application of light-curing composite resin in aesthetic restoration of anterior teeth can improve restoration effect and aesthetic performance, effectively improve periodontal health, and reduce the risk of complications.