Objective To explore the effect of whole-course nursing cooperation in patients undergoing aesthetic resin filling combined with root canal therapy. Methods A total of 120 patients who received aesthetic resin fflling combined with root canal therapy in our hospital from February 2024 to February 2025 were selected, and they were divided into the control group (n=60) and the observation group (n=60) by the random number table method. The control group received conventional nursing, and the observation group received whole-course nursing cooperation. The complication rate, treatment compliance, restoration effect and medical satisfaction were compared between the two groups. Results The incidence of complications in the observation group was 3.33%, which was lower than 13.33% in the control group (P<0.05). The treatment compliance rate of the observation group was 95.00%, which was higher than 83.33% of the control group (P<0.05). The excellent and good rate of restoration in the observation group was 93.33%, which was higher than 80.00% in the control group (P<0.05). The medical satisfaction rate of the observation group was 95.00%, which was higher than 83.33% of the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion The application of whole-course nursing cooperation for patients undergoing root canal therapy combined with aesthetic resin fflling can effectively reduce the risk of postoperative complications, improve treatment compliance and restoration effect, and optimize patients’ medical experience.