Objective To analyze the effect of bracketless orthodontic technology on periodontal indicators and oral function in patients undergoing orthodontics. Methods A total of 88 patients who underwent orthodontic treatment at the Department of Stomatology, Northern Jiangsu People’s Hospital from January 2023 to December 2024 were selected as the research subjects. According to the random number table method, they were divided into the reference group and the experimental group, with 44 patients in each group. The reference group was treated with conventional fixed orthodontic technology, and the experimental group was treated with bracketless orthodontic technology. The orthodontic effect, periodontal indicators, oral function, satisfaction and adverse events were compared between the two groups. Results The overall treatment success rate in the experimental group was 93.18%, which was higher than the 77.27% in the reference group (P <0.05). After treatment, the PLI, SBI, SPD and GI in the experimental group were all lower than those in the reference group (P <0.05). After treatment, the occlusal rate, occlusal force and masticatory efficiency in the experimental group were all higher than those in the reference group (P <0.05). The satisfaction scores for comfort, speech function, retention and aesthetics in the experimental group were all higher than those in the reference group (P <0.05). The incidence of adverse events in the experimental group (6.82%) was lower than that in the reference group (20.45%) (P <0.05). Conclusion The application of bracketless orthodontic technology in orthodontic treatment is effective. It can effectively improve patients' periodontal indicators, further optimize oral function, enhance aesthetic satisfaction, and reduce the risk of adverse events, making it worthy of clinical application.